Introduction

Sulfur compounds are one of the main pollutants of the air and chemical processes which damage human health, water resources, catalysts and other devices. Removing sulfur compounds is one of the main processes in fossil fuel applications. Various inorganic sorbents are used to remove H2S in such applications. Among sorbents, zinc oxide is one of the most important sorbents for removal of H2S at moderate temperatures. This advantage is due to the fact that the thermodynamics of the ZnO-H2S reaction is more favorable than other desulfurizing sorbents and also has a higher sulfur absorption capability. Nanotechnology, relying on its unique features, has improved the performance and properties of the products.

Introduction

Sulfur compounds are one of the main pollutants of the air and chemical processes which damage human health, water resources, catalysts and other devices. Removing sulfur compounds is one of the main processes in fossil fuel applications. Various inorganic sorbents are used to remove H2S in such applications. Among sorbents, zinc oxide is one of the most important sorbents for removal of H2S at moderate temperatures. This advantage is due to the fact that the thermodynamics of the ZnO-H2S reaction is more favorable than other desulfurizing sorbents and also has a higher sulfur absorption capability. Nanotechnology, relying on its unique features, has improved the performance and properties of the products.

Introduction

Sulfur compounds are one of the main pollutants of the air and chemical processes which damage human health, water resources, catalysts and other devices. Removing sulfur compounds is one of the main processes in fossil fuel applications. Various inorganic sorbents are used to remove H2S in such applications. Among sorbents, zinc oxide is one of the most important sorbents for removal of H2S at moderate temperatures. This advantage is due to the fact that the thermodynamics of the ZnO-H2S reaction is more favorable than other desulfurizing sorbents and also has a higher sulfur absorption capability. Nanotechnology, relying on its unique features, has improved the performance and properties of the products.

Introduction

 Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are the main air pollutants that are also responsible for acid rain. Excessive sulfur content in petroleum fractions such as naphtha, in addition to causing air pollutants, can corrode tanks, reactors, pipes and fittings. Currently desulfurization is carried out using desulphurization catalysts adjacent to hydrogen; thus at a certain temperature and pressure, as well as a specific proportion of hydrogen, sulfur atoms convert to hydrogen sulfide. Catalysts based on γ–alumina are commonly used for desulphurization. Alumina has various applications including ceramic membranes, paints, refinery and chemical catalysts, pollution control and base catalyst. The mesoporous γ–alumina with pore diameter in the range of 2 to 50 nm due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, good thermal stability and suitable pore distribution is used as the most common base catalyst in desulphurization.

Introduction

 Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are the main air pollutants that are also responsible for acid rain. Excessive sulfur content in petroleum fractions such as naphtha, in addition to causing air pollutants, can corrode tanks, reactors, pipes and fittings. Currently desulfurization is carried out using desulphurization catalysts adjacent to hydrogen; thus at a certain temperature and pressure, as well as a specific proportion of hydrogen, sulfur atoms convert to hydrogen sulfide. Catalysts based on γ–alumina are commonly used for desulphurization. Alumina has various applications including ceramic membranes, paints, refinery and chemical catalysts, pollution control and base catalyst. The mesoporous γ–alumina with pore diameter in the range of 2 to 50 nm due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, good thermal stability and suitable pore distribution is used as the most common base catalyst in desulphurization.

Introduction

 Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are the main air pollutants that are also responsible for acid rain. Excessive sulfur content in petroleum fractions such as naphtha, in addition to causing air pollutants, can corrode tanks, reactors, pipes and fittings. Currently desulfurization is carried out using desulphurization catalysts adjacent to hydrogen; thus at a certain temperature and pressure, as well as a specific proportion of hydrogen, sulfur atoms convert to hydrogen sulfide. Catalysts based on γ–alumina are commonly used for desulphurization. Alumina has various applications including ceramic membranes, paints, refinery and chemical catalysts, pollution control and base catalyst. The mesoporous γ–alumina with pore diameter in the range of 2 to 50 nm due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, good thermal stability and suitable pore distribution is used as the most common base catalyst in desulphurization.

Introduction

Proper air filtration is critical to the overall performance and reliability of gas turbines. The latest evolution in the filtration industry is the use of nanotechnology in this field. With this technique, the surface of large cellulosic or synthetic textiles (usually 10 to 30 micrometers in diameter) is covered with a layer of ultra-fine textiles (typically 50 to 400 nanometers in diameter). There are two different methods for separating particles in the filter paper structure.

In-depth filtration, in which particles are separated in different layers of paper according to their size; and surface filtration, in which all particles are separated on the surface of paper. In Behran Co. before pleating process, the filter paper is covered with a layer of Polyamide textiles with diameter of less than 100 nanometer by using electrospinning process.

Introduction

Proper air filtration is critical to the overall performance and reliability of gas turbines. The latest evolution in the filtration industry is the use of nanotechnology in this field. With this technique, the surface of large cellulosic or synthetic textiles (usually 10 to 30 micrometers in diameter) is covered with a layer of ultra-fine textiles (typically 50 to 400 nanometers in diameter). There are two different methods for separating particles in the filter paper structure.

In-depth filtration, in which particles are separated in different layers of paper according to their size; and surface filtration, in which all particles are separated on the surface of paper. In Behran Co. before pleating process, the filter paper is covered with a layer of Polyamide textiles with diameter of less than 100 nanometer by using electrospinning process.

Introduction

Proper air filtration is critical to the overall performance and reliability of gas turbines. The latest evolution in the filtration industry is the use of nanotechnology in this field. With this technique, the surface of large cellulosic or synthetic textiles (usually 10 to 30 micrometers in diameter) is covered with a layer of ultra-fine textiles (typically 50 to 400 nanometers in diameter). There are two different methods for separating particles in the filter paper structure.

In-depth filtration, in which particles are separated in different layers of paper according to their size; and surface filtration, in which all particles are separated on the surface of paper. In Behran Co. before pleating process, the filter paper is covered with a layer of Polyamide textiles with diameter of less than 100 nanometer by using electrospinning process.

Introduction

More efficient heat transfer systems are increasingly preferred because of the accelerating miniaturization, on the one hand, and the ever-increasing heat flux, on the other hand. The poor heat transfer properties of the common fluids like water compared to most solids is a primary obstacle to the high compactness and effectiveness of heat exchangers. Passive enhancement methods such as enhanced surfaces are often employed in thermo-fluid systems. Therefore, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids with higher thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer is in strong demand. Nanofluids are heat transfer liquids with dispersed nanoparticles. The effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement has been found to be dependent on the amount of dispersed particle, material type, particle shape, etc.

Introduction

More efficient heat transfer systems are increasingly preferred because of the accelerating miniaturization, on the one hand, and the ever-increasing heat flux, on the other hand. The poor heat transfer properties of the common fluids like water compared to most solids is a primary obstacle to the high compactness and effectiveness of heat exchangers. Passive enhancement methods such as enhanced surfaces are often employed in thermo-fluid systems. Therefore, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids with higher thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer is in strong demand. Nanofluids are heat transfer liquids with dispersed nanoparticles. The effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement has been found to be dependent on the amount of dispersed particle, material type, particle shape, etc.

Introduction

More efficient heat transfer systems are increasingly preferred because of the accelerating miniaturization, on the one hand, and the ever-increasing heat flux, on the other hand. The poor heat transfer properties of the common fluids like water compared to most solids is a primary obstacle to the high compactness and effectiveness of heat exchangers. Passive enhancement methods such as enhanced surfaces are often employed in thermo-fluid systems. Therefore, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids with higher thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer is in strong demand. Nanofluids are heat transfer liquids with dispersed nanoparticles. The effectiveness of heat transfer enhancement has been found to be dependent on the amount of dispersed particle, material type, particle shape, etc.